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Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:118-123
© 1996 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Bristol Heart Institute and Department of Anesthesia, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Accepted for publication August 30, 1995.
Background. Pulmonary dysfunction is one aspect of the postoperative morbidity associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. Normothermic systemic perfusion can result in shorter intubation times, which have been attributed to improved pulmonary gas exchange, but the influence of perfusion temperature on pulmonary gas exchange itself is not known.
Methods. Pulmonary gas exchange was assessed using alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure gradients in 45 patients undergoing routine coronary revascularization who were randomized to undergo cardiopulmonary bypass at 28°C, 32°C, or 37°C. This was part of a more comprehensive study of the effects of temperature on bodily systems. The gradients were estimated preoperatively with the patients breathing air, again over a period between 2 and 4 hours postoperatively during mechanical ventilation with three different oxygen concentrations (30%, 40%, and 60%), and again 1 hour after extubation while breathing the same three oxygen concentrations.
Results. Preoperative alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure gradients on air were 24.4 ± 8.2 mm Hg (mean ± standard deviation) (28°C), 24.5 ± 20.4 mm Hg (32°C), and 20.5 ± 9.5 mm Hg (37°C). Postoperatively, during ventilation and after rewarming, the gradients increased with the increase in inspired oxygen fraction concentrations (30% to 60%) from 67.1 ± 12.0 mm Hg to 193.1 ± 30.5 mm Hg (28°C), from 76.4 ± 20.6 mm Hg to 246.7 ± 47.7 mm Hg (32°C), and from 79.0 ± 18.0 mm Hg to 222.9 ± 40.5 mm Hg (37°C), respectively. A similar pattern was noted 1 hour after extubation, when the gradients increased from 72.4 ± 12.5 mm Hg to 256.6 ± 26.5 mm Hg (28°C), from 75.7 ± 13.9 mm Hg to 252.7 ± 38.3 mm Hg (32°C), and from 69.1 ± 19.3 mm Hg to 253.1 ± 33.0 mm Hg (37°C). There were no significant differences in alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure gradient between the three groups during ventilation or after extubation.
Conclusions. Cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion temperature does not influence alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure gradients in the first 12 hours after routine coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with uncompromised pulmonary and left ventricular function.
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