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Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:1044-1047
© 1995 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Original Articles: Cardiovascular

Results of Mitral Valve Reconstruction in Children With Rheumatic Heart Disease

Arkalgud Sampath Kumar, MCh, Pantula Narasinga Rao, MS, Anita Saxena, DM

Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cardiothoracic Sciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Accepted for publication April 27, 1995.

Background. Between January 1988 and November 1994, we developed techniques of reconstructing diseased mitral valves in patients with rheumatic heart disease. Four hundred thirteen patients underwent mitral valve repair using these techniques. Of these, 125 children and adolescents less than 15 years of age form the study group.

Methods. The mean age was 8.9 ± 4.3 years (range, 5 to 15 years). One hundred seventeen patients (93.6%) had rheumatic heart disease. There were 72 boys (57.6%) and 53 girls (42.4%). All of these patients were symptomatic: New York Heart Association class III or IV. Mitral regurgitation alone was present in 49 patients (39.2%), and combined mitral stenosis and regurgitation were present in 76 patients (60.8%). Surgical techniques included commissurotomy (n = 70; 56%), annuloplasty (n = 122; 97.6%), chordal shortening (n = 46; 36.8%), cusp thinning (n = 27; 5.6%), and associated procedures for tricuspid valve disease (6 patients) and aortic valve disease (2 patients).

Results. The operative mortality rate was 4.8% (6 patients), and late deaths occurred in 1.6% (2 patients). Follow-up was 378.25 patient-years. In 15 patients, severe mitral regurgitation developed after a mean follow-up of 37.14 ± 20.47 months (seven reoperations). At 6 years, actuarial and event-free survival rates were 92.1% ± 3.19% and 75% ± 8.18%, respectively. One patient (0.15%/patient-year) had transient right hemiparesis. None had anticoagulation-related bleeding.

Conclusion. Mitral valve reconstruction in children and adolescents with rheumatic mitral regurgitation provides satisfactory early results. Progression of disease is the most important risk factor for reoperation. The technique described provided stable repair in the majority of patients.




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