HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Personal Folders Download to citation manager Author home page(s): David A. Stump Permission Requests Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Stump, D. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Stump, D. A.

Ann Thorac Surg 1995;59:1340-1344
© 1995 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

---

Symposium: Conference on Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Selection and Clinical Significance of Neuropsychologic Tests

Departments of Anesthesia and Neurology, The Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Abstract

There have been major advancements in cardiac surgery over the past two decades and a concomitant decrease in mortality and major morbidity. The improved safety in cardiac procedures permitted 330,000 operations involving cardiopulmonary bypass in 1992. However, several recent studies have demonstrated that cardiac surgery poses substantial risk of negative neurologic and neuropsychologic outcomes. Although very few patients die as a result of a cardiac operation, more than two thirds of patients demonstrate evidence of neuropsychologic dysfunction postoperatively. The mechanisms contributing to neuropsychologic deficits after cardiopulmonary bypass are uncertain. To characterize the incidence and severity of such deficits after cardiac operations, a concise battery of neuropsychologic tests that provides reliable evidence of subtle brain trauma is essential. With an objective, valid measure of brain injury, the etiology of neuropsychologic deficits can be identified and either eliminated or the effects ameliorated. The proper selection and use of neurobehavioral tools provides a basis to evaluate the efficacy of surgical and pharmacologic interventions to further improve neurologic outcome after cardiopulmonary bypass.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				N Stroobant and G Vingerhoets Pre-existing cognitive impairment in candidates for cardiac surgery: an overview Heart, November 15, 2009; 95(22): 1820 - 1825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Hammon By the numbers! Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2009; 88(2): 355 - 361. [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. O. Jensen, L. S. Rasmussen, and D. A. Steinbruchel Cognitive outcomes in elderly high-risk patients 1 year after off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. A randomized trial Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., November 1, 2008; 34(5): 1016 - 1021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Martens, K. Neumann, C. Sodemann, H. Deschka, G. Wimmer-Greinecker, and A. Moritz Carbon Dioxide Field Flooding Reduces Neurologic Impairment After Open Heart Surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2008; 85(2): 543 - 547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. W. Hogue Jr, K. Freedland, T. Hershey, R. Fucetola, A. Nassief, B. Barzilai, B. Thomas, S. Birge, D. Dixon, K. B. Schechtman, et al. Neurocognitive Outcomes Are Not Improved by 17{beta}-Estradiol in Postmenopausal Women Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Stroke, July 1, 2007; 38(7): 2048 - 2054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. D. Rubens, M. Boodhwani, and H. Nathan Interpreting studies of cognitive function following cardiac surgery: a guide for surgical teams Perfusion, May 1, 2007; 22(3): 185 - 192. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Koch, A. Forteza, C. Lavernia, J. G. Romano, I. Campo-Bustillo, N. Campo, and S. Gold Cerebral Fat Microembolism and Cognitive Decline After Hip and Knee Replacement Stroke, March 1, 2007; 38(3): 1079 - 1081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. van Dijk, M. Spoor, R. Hijman, H. M. Nathoe, C. Borst, E. W. L. Jansen, D. E. Grobbee, P. P. T. de Jaegere, C. J. Kalkman, and for the Octopus Study Group Cognitive and Cardiac Outcomes 5 Years After Off-Pump vs On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery JAMA, February 21, 2007; 297(7): 701 - 708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Vedin, H. Nyman, A. Ericsson, S. Hylander, and J. Vaage Cognitive function after on or off pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., August 1, 2006; 30(2): 305 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. O. Jensen, P. Hughes, L. S. Rasmussen, P. U. Pedersen, and D. A. Steinbruchel Cognitive Outcomes in Elderly High-Risk Patients After Off-Pump Versus Conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Trial Circulation, June 20, 2006; 113(24): 2790 - 2795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. W. Hogue Jr, T. Hershey, D. Dixon, R. Fucetola, A. Nassief, K. E. Freedland, B. Thomas, and K. Schechtman Preexisting cognitive impairment in women before cardiac surgery and its relationship with C-reactive protein concentrations. Anesth. Analg., June 1, 2006; 102(6): 1602 - 1608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Miyairi, S. Takamoto, Y. Kotsuka, A. Takeuchi, K. Yamanaka, and H. Sato Comparison of neurocognitive results after coronary artery bypass grafting and thoracic aortic surgery using retrograde cerebral perfusion Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., July 1, 2005; 28(1): 97 - 101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Martens, M. Dietrich, C. Herzog, M. Doss, G. Schneider, A. Moritz, and G. Wimmer-Greinecker Automatic connector devices for proximal anastomoses do not decrease embolic debris compared with conventional anastomoses in CABG Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., June 1, 2004; 25(6): 993 - 1000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D van Dijk, K G M Moons, A M A Keizer, E W L Jansen, R Hijman, J C Diephuis, C Borst, P P T de Jaegere, D E Grobbee, and C J Kalkman Association between early and three month cognitive outcome after off-pump and on-pump coronary bypass surgery Heart, April 1, 2004; 90(4): 431 - 434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. J. Petrucci Finding our way from the heart to the head J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2003; 126(4): 944 - 946. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. W. Hogue Jr, R. Lillie, T. Hershey, S. Birge, A. M. Nassief, B. Thomas, and K. E. Freedland Gender influence on cognitive function after cardiac operation Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2003; 76(4): 1119 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D.K. Harrington, M. Bonser, A. Moss, M.T.E. Heafield, M.J. Riddoch, and R.S. Bonser Neuropsychometric outcome following aortic arch surgery: a prospective randomized trial of retrograde cerebral perfusion J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 2003; 126(3): 638 - 644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Reents, W. Muellges, D. Franke, J. Babin-Ebell, and O. Elert Cerebral oxygen saturation assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy during coronary artery bypass grafting and early postoperative cognitive function Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2002; 74(1): 109 - 114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Collie, D. G. Darby, M. G. Falleti, B. S. Silbert, and P. Maruff Determining the extent of cognitive change after coronary surgery: a review of statistical procedures Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2002; 73(6): 2005 - 2011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Van Dijk, E. W. L. Jansen, R. Hijman, A. P. Nierich, J. C. Diephuis, K. G. M. Moons, J. R. Lahpor, C. Borst, A. M. A. Keizer, H. M. Nathoe, et al. Cognitive Outcome After Off-Pump and On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Trial JAMA, March 20, 2002; 287(11): 1405 - 1412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Borger and V. Rao Temperature Management During Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Effect of Rewarming Rate on Cognitive Dysfunction Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, March 1, 2002; 6(1): 17 - 20. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Martens, M. Dietrich, S. Wals, S. Steffen, G. Wimmer-Greinecker, and A. Moritz Conventional carbon dioxide application does not reduce cerebral or myocardial damage in open heart surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2001; 72(6): 1940 - 1944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. A. L. Soong, S. Uysal, and D. L. Reich Cerebral Protection During Surgery of the Aortic Arch Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, November 1, 2001; 5(4): 286 - 292. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. L. Reich, S. Uysal, M. A. Ergin, and R. B. Griepp Retrograde cerebral perfusion as a method of neuroprotection during thoracic aortic surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2001; 72(5): 1774 - 1782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Neville, J. Butterworth, R. L. James, J. W. Hammon, and D. A. Stump Similar neurobehavioral outcome after valve or coronary artery operations despite differing carotid embolic counts J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 2001; 121(1): 0125 - 136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Diegeler, R. Hirsch, F. Schneider, L.-O. Schilling, V. Falk, T. Rauch, and F. W. Mohr Neuromonitoring and neurocognitive outcome in off-pump versus conventional coronary bypass operation Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2000; 69(4): 1162 - 1166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. K. Fitch, S. Rollins, L. Matis, B. Alford, S. Aranki, C. D. Collard, M. Dewar, J. Elefteriades, R. Hines, G. Kopf, et al. Pharmacology and Biological Efficacy of a Recombinant, Humanized, Single-Chain Antibody C5 Complement Inhibitor in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circulation, December 21, 1999; 100(25): 2499 - 2506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Stump, W. R. Brown, D. M. Moody, K. D. Rorie, J. C. Manuel, N. D. Kon, J. B. Butterworth, and J. W. Hammon Microemboli and Neurologic Dysfunction After Cardiovascular Surgery Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, March 1, 1999; 3(1): 47 - 54. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J.E. Arrowsmith, M.J.G. Harrison, S.P. Newman, J. Stygall, N. Timberlake, and W.B. Pugsley Neuroprotection of the Brain During Cardiopulmonary Bypass : A Randomized Trial of Remacemide During Coronary Artery Bypass in 171 Patients Stroke, November 1, 1998; 29(11): 2357 - 2362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Deklunder, M. Roussel, J.-L. Lecroart, A. Prat, and C. Gautier Microemboli in Cerebral Circulation and Alteration of Cognitive Abilities in Patients With Mechanical Prosthetic Heart Valves Stroke, September 1, 1998; 29(9): 1821 - 1826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Jacobs, M. Neveling, M. Horst, M. Ghaemi, J. Kessler, H. Eichstaedt, J. Rudolf, P. Model, H. Bonner, E. R. de Vivie, et al. Alterations of Neuropsychological Function and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism After Cardiac Surgery Are Not Related Only to Intraoperative Microembolic Events Stroke, March 1, 1998; 29(3): 660 - 667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Hammon Jr, D. A. Stump, N. D. Kon, A. R. Cordell, A. S. Hudspeth, T. E. Oaks, R. F. Brooker, A. T. Rogers, R. Hilbawi, L. H. Coker, et al. Risk Factors and Solutions for the Development of Neurobehavioral Changes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1997; 63(6): 1613 - 1617. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. A. Stump, A. T. Rogers, and J. W. Hammon Neurobehavioral Tests Are Monitoring Tools Used to Improve Cardiac Surgery Outcome Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1996; 61(5): 1295 - 1296. [Full Text]