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Ann Thorac Surg 1995;59:1326-1330
© 1995 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Duke Heart Center and Departments of Anesthesiology, Community and Family Medicine, Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, and Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
* Address reprint requests to Dr Newman, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC 27710.
Despite major advances in cardiopulmonary bypass technology, surgical techniques, and anesthesia management, central nervous system complications remain a common problem after cardiopulmonary bypass. The etiology of neuropsychologic dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass remains unresolved and is probably multifactorial. Demographic predictors of cognitive decline include age and years of education; perioperative factors including number of cerebral emboli, temperature, mean arterial pressure, and jugular bulb oxygen saturation have varying predictive power. Recent data suggest a genetic predisposition for cognitive decline after cardiac surgery in patients possessing the apolipoprotein E -4 allele, known to be associated with late-onset and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease. Predicting patients at risk for cognitive decline allows the possibility of many important interventions. Predictive power and weapons to reduce cellular injury associated with neurologic insults lend hope of a future ability to markedly decrease the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on short-term and long-term neurologic, cognitive, and quality-of-life outcomes.
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