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Ann Thorac Surg 1994;57:974-980
© 1994 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

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Articles

Extravascular fluid uptake during cardiopulmonary bypass in hypertensive dogs

^a Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Maryland at Baltimore Baltimore, Maryland, USA
^b Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Accepted for publication August 5, 1993.

^_* Address reprint requests to Dr Brunner, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MSTF Rm 400, 10 S Pine St, Baltimore, MD 21201.

We investigated the effects of increases in central venous pressure (CVP) and carotid baroreceptor-induced vasodilation on the rate of extravascular fluid uptake during cardiopulmonary bypass in normotensive and Goldblatt hypertensive dogs. Carotid sinus baroreceptors were selectively perfused to control the level of vasodilation. Central venous pressure was controlled by changing the height of the venous outflow cannula. Extravascular fluid uptake was determined from the rate of change in reservoir volume. After 3 hours of bypass, total fluid accumulation was 56.11 ± 14.16 mL/kg in normotensive dogs, significantly less than in hypertensive dogs (110.90 ± 23.20 mL/kg) (p < 0.05). Raising CVP from 1 to 5 mm Hg increased the rate of extravascular fluid uptake in both normotensive (from 0.05 ± 0.25 to 0.85 ± 0.22 mL · kg^–1 · min^–1; p < 0.05) and hypertensive dogs (from 0.68 ± 0.28 to 2.57 ± 0.46 mL · kg^–1 · min^–1; p < 0.01)). At a constant CVP, baroreceptor-induced vasodilation increased the rate of extravascular fluid uptake in normotensive (from 0.25 ± .15 to 0.81 ± .22 mL · kg^–1 · min^–1) and in hypertensive dogs (from 0.84 ± .12 to 1.72 ± .32 mL · kg^–1 · min^–1; p < 0.05). Hypertensive dogs were more sensitive to changes in CVP and to baroreceptorinduced vasodilation. The results of this study imply that elevations in CVP or the use of vasodilators may lead to increased extravascular fluid uptake during bypass; this effect may be exacerbated in the hypertensive state.

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