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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol 56, 814-823, Copyright © 1993 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
JL Cox, JP Boineau, RB Schuessler, KM Kater and DG Lappas
Between September 25, 1987, and December 31, 1992, 75 patients (53 men, 22
women; average age, 52 years) underwent the maze procedure for the
treatment of atrial fibrillation. Six patients had undergone a previous
cardiac operation and 28% underwent concomitant cardiac procedures in
addition to the maze procedure. One patient (1.3%) died 10 days after
undergoing a combined maze procedure and Morrow procedure for the
management of chronic atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic obstructive
cardiomyopathy. Postoperative atrial pacemakers were required in 40%: 26%
for preoperative sick sinus syndrome and 6% for iatrogenic injury of the
sinus node, and 8% had pacemakers in place preoperatively. As of December
31, 1992, 65 patients had been followed up for at least 3 months after
operation (range, 3 to 63 months). The maze procedure cured atrial
fibrillation, restored atrioventricular synchrony, and preserved atrial
transport function in 64 of 65 patients (98%). The procedure has been
curative without the need for medications in 58 of 65 patients (89%) and
with the need for medications in 6 of 65 (9%), with medications failing in
only 1 of the 65 patients (2%). The results support the maze procedure as
the treatment of choice in patients with medically refractory symptomatic
atrial fibrillation.
ARTICLES
Five-year experience with the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation
Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
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N. Ad, J. P. Suyderhoud, Y. D. Kim, M. A. Makary, K. W. DeGroot, H. C. Lue, E. A. Pirovic, W. Z. Duvall, and J. L. Cox Benefits of prophylactic continuous infusion of furosemide after the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 2002; 123(2): 232 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Yoshihara, T. Nishikimi, Y. Sasako, J. Hino, J. Kobayashi, K. Minatoya, K. Bando, Y. Kosakai, T. Horio, S.-i. Suga, et al. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration inversely correlates with left atrial collagen volume fraction in patients with atrial fibrillation: Plasma ANP as a possible biochemical marker to predict the outcome of the maze procedure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 16, 2002; 39(2): 288 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Pappone, G. Oreto, S. Rosanio, G. Vicedomini, M. Tocchi, F. Gugliotta, A. Salvati, C. Dicandia, M. P. Calabro, P. Mazzone, et al. Atrial Electroanatomic Remodeling After Circumferential Radiofrequency Pulmonary Vein Ablation: Efficacy of an Anatomic Approach in a Large Cohort of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, November 20, 2001; 104(21): 2539 - 2544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Gasparini, M. Mantica, F. Coltorti, P. Galimberti, and C. Ceriotti The use of advanced mapping systems to guide right linear lesions in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation Eur. Heart J. Suppl., November 1, 2001; 3(suppl_P): P41 - P46. [Abstract] [PDF]
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E. P. Bauer, Z. A. Szalay, R. R. Brandt, H. F. Pitschner, G. Bachmann, H.-P. Brunner-La Rocca, and W. P. Klovekorn Predictors for atrial transport function after mini-maze operation Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2001; 72(4): 1251 - 1255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Nair, P. Shah, R. Batra, M. Kumar, J. Mohan, U. Kaul, and R. Arora Chronic Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mapping and Radiofrequency Ablation of Flutter Circuits Seen at Initiation After Cardioversion Circulation, August 14, 2001; 104(7): 802 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. L. Cox Intraoperative options for treating atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 2001; 122(2): 212 - 215. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Albage, J. van der Linden, L. Bengtsson, D. Lindblom, G. Kenneback, and H. Berglund Elevations in antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone as possible causes of fluid retention in the Maze procedure Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2001; 72(1): 58 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Yuda, S. Nakatani, Y. Kosakai, M. Yamagishi, and K. Miyatake Long-term follow-up of atrial contraction after the maze procedure in patients with mitral valve disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2001; 37(6): 1622 - 1627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Avitall, A. Urbonas, S. Millard, D. Urboniene, and R. Helms Ablation of atrial fibrillation in the rapid pacing canine model using a multi-electrode loop catheter J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2001; 37(6): 1733 - 1740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. M. Scheinman and F. Morady Nonpharmacological Approaches to Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, April 24, 2001; 103(16): 2120 - 2125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. T. Sie, W. P. Beukema, A. R. Ramdat Misier, A. Elvan, J. J. Ennema, and H. J.J. Wellens The radiofrequency modified maze procedure. A less invasive surgical approach to atrial fibrillation during open-heart surgery Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., April 1, 2001; 19(4): 443 - 447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K.-B. Kim, J.-H. Huh, C. H. Kang, H. Ahn, and D.-W. Sohn Modifications of the Cox-Maze III procedure Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2001; 71(3): 816 - 822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. A. Garcia-Villarreal, H. Rodriguez, A. Trevino, A. B. Gouveia, and R. Arguero Left atrial reduction and mitral valve surgery: the ""functional-anatomic unit"" concept Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2001; 71(3): 1044 - 1045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Imai, T. Sueda, K. Orihashi, M. Watari, and Y. Matsuura Clinical analysis of results of a simple left atrial procedure for chronic atrial fibrillation Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2001; 71(2): 577 - 581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Benussi, S. Nascimbene, and O. Alfieri Reply to Veloso Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., February 1, 2001; 19(2): 233 - 234. [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. J. J. Wellens Pulmonary Vein Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation : Hype or Hope? Circulation, November 21, 2000; 102(21): 2562 - 2564. [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Pappone, S. Rosanio, G. Oreto, M. Tocchi, F. Gugliotta, G. Vicedomini, A. Salvati, C. Dicandia, P. Mazzone, V. Santinelli, et al. Circumferential Radiofrequency Ablation of Pulmonary Vein Ostia : A New Anatomic Approach for Curing Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, November 21, 2000; 102(21): 2619 - 2628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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