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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol 56, 814-823, Copyright © 1993 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
JL Cox, JP Boineau, RB Schuessler, KM Kater and DG Lappas
Between September 25, 1987, and December 31, 1992, 75 patients (53 men, 22
women; average age, 52 years) underwent the maze procedure for the
treatment of atrial fibrillation. Six patients had undergone a previous
cardiac operation and 28% underwent concomitant cardiac procedures in
addition to the maze procedure. One patient (1.3%) died 10 days after
undergoing a combined maze procedure and Morrow procedure for the
management of chronic atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic obstructive
cardiomyopathy. Postoperative atrial pacemakers were required in 40%: 26%
for preoperative sick sinus syndrome and 6% for iatrogenic injury of the
sinus node, and 8% had pacemakers in place preoperatively. As of December
31, 1992, 65 patients had been followed up for at least 3 months after
operation (range, 3 to 63 months). The maze procedure cured atrial
fibrillation, restored atrioventricular synchrony, and preserved atrial
transport function in 64 of 65 patients (98%). The procedure has been
curative without the need for medications in 58 of 65 patients (89%) and
with the need for medications in 6 of 65 (9%), with medications failing in
only 1 of the 65 patients (2%). The results support the maze procedure as
the treatment of choice in patients with medically refractory symptomatic
atrial fibrillation.
ARTICLES
Five-year experience with the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation
Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
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T. Nitta, R. Lee, R. B. Schuessler, J. P. Boineau, and J. L. Cox Radial approach: a new concept in surgical treatment for atrial fibrillation I. Concept, anatomic and physiologic bases and development of a procedure Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1999; 67(1): 27 - 35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Holm, R. Johansson, B. Smideberg, C. Luhrs, and S.B. Olsson Effect of cardiac exposure by median sternotomy on atrial fibrillation cycle length Europace, January 1, 1999; 1(4): 248 - 257. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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M. E. Josephson New Approaches to the Management of Atrial Fibrillation : The Role of the Atrial Defibrillator Circulation, October 20, 1998; 98(16): 1594 - 1596. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Haissaguerre, P. Jais, D. C. Shah, A. Takahashi, M. Hocini, G. Quiniou, S. Garrigue, A. Le Mouroux, P. Le Metayer, and J. Clementy Spontaneous Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation by Ectopic Beats Originating in the Pulmonary Veins N. Engl. J. Med., September 3, 1998; 339(10): 659 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H. Izumoto, K. Kawazoe, H. Kitahara, and J. Kamata Operative results after the Cox/maze procedure combined with a mitral valve operation Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1998; 66(3): 800 - 804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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F. Yoshihara, T. Nishikimi, Y. Kosakai, F. Isobe, H. Matsuoka, S. Takishita, Y. Kawashima, Y. Saito, H. Matsuo, and K. Kangawa Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion and body fluid balance after bilateral atrial appendectomy by the maze procedure J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 1998; 116(2): 213 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Fukada, K. Morishita, K. Komatsu, H. Sato, C. Shiiku, S. Muraki, M. Tsukamoto, and T. Abe Is Atrial Fibrillation Resulting From Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease a Proper Indication for the Maze Procedure? Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1998; 65(6): 1566 - 1569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Harada, T. Ida, and M. Ikeshita Right Atrial Isolation for Atrial Fibrillation Associated With Atrial Septal Defect Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1998; 65(6): 1766 - 1768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. A. Mitchell, I. D. McRury, and D. E. Haines Linear Atrial Ablations in a Canine Model of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation : Morphological and Electrophysiological Observations Circulation, March 31, 1998; 97(12): 1176 - 1185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K.-B. Kim, C.-H. Lee, C.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Cha, S. :, and J. L. Cox Effect of the Cox maze procedure on the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 1998; 115(1): 139 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Elvan, X.-d. Huang, M. L. Pressler, and D. P. Zipes Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Atria Eliminates Pacing-Induced Sustained Atrial Fibrillation and Reduces Connexin 43 in Dogs Circulation, September 2, 1997; 96(5): 1675 - 1685. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J. Kobayashi, Y. Kosakai, F. Isobe, Y. Sasako, K. Nakano, K. Eishi, and Y. Kawashima RATIONALE OF THE COX MAZE PROCEDURE FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION DURING REDO MITRAL VALVE OPERATIONS J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., November 1, 1996; 112(5): 1216 - 1222. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J. A. Odell, J. L. Blackshear, E. Davies, W. J. Byrne, C. F. Kollmorgen, W. D. Edwards, and T. A. Orszulak Thoracoscopic Obliteration of the Left Atrial Appendage: Potential for Stroke Reduction? Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1996; 61(2): 565 - 569. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J. L. Blackshear and J. A. Odell Appendage Obliteration to Reduce Stroke in Cardiac Surgical Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1996; 61(2): 755 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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T. Itoh, H. Okamoto, T. Nimi, S. Morita, M. Sawazaki, Y. Ogawa, T. Asakura, K. Yasuura, T. Abe, and M. Murase Left Atrial Function After Cox's Maze Operation Concomitant With Mitral Valve Operation Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1995; 60(2): 354 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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F. Gregori Jr, C. O. Cordeiro, W. J. Couto, S. S. da Silva, W. K. de Aquino, and A. Nechar Jr Cox Maze Operation Without Cryoablation for the Treatment of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1995; 60(2): 361 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J. L. Cox, J. P. Boineau, R. B. Schuessler, R. D. B. Jaquiss, and D. G. Lappas MODIFICATION OF THE MAZE PROCEDURE FOR ATRIAL FLUTTER AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATIONI. Rationale and surgical results J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 1995; 110(2): 473 - 484. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J. Tamai, Y. Kosakai, T. Yoshioka, E. Ohnishi, H. Takaki, Y. Okano, and Y. Kawashima Delayed Improvement in Exercise Capacity With Restoration of Sinoatrial Node Response in Patients After Combined Treatment With Surgical Repair for Organic Heart Disease and the Maze Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, May 1, 1995; 91(9): 2392 - 2399. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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A. Elvan, H. P. Pride, J. N. Eble, and D. P. Zipes Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Atria Reduces Inducibility and Duration of Atrial Fibrillation in Dogs Circulation, April 15, 1995; 91(8): 2235 - 2244. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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