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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol 56, 539-549, Copyright © 1993 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
LL Creswell, RB Schuessler, M Rosenbloom and JL Cox
Between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 1991, 4,507 adult patients
underwent cardiac surgical procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Of
these patients, 3,983 patients who did not undergo operation for
supraventricular tachycardia and who were in normal sinus rhythm
preoperatively form the study group for the present study. Postoperatively,
all patients were monitored continuously for the development of arrhythmias
until the time of hospital discharge. The incidence of atrial arrhythmias
requiring treatment for the most commonly performed operative procedures
were as follows: coronary artery bypass grafting, 31.9%; coronary artery
bypass grafting and mitral valve replacement, 63.6%; coronary artery bypass
grafting and aortic valve replacement, 48.8%; and heart transplantation,
11.1%. For all patients considered collectively, the risk factors
associated with an increased incidence of postoperative atrial arrhythmias
(p < 0.05 by multivariate logistic regression) included increasing
patient age, preoperative use of digoxin, history of rheumatic heart
disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and increasing aortic
cross- clamp time. Postoperative atrial fibrillation was associated with an
increased incidence of postoperative stroke (3.3% versus 1.4%; p <
0.0005), increased length of hospitalization in the intensive care unit
(5.7 versus 3.4 days; p = 0.001) and postoperative nursing ward (10.9
versus 7.5 days; p = 0.0001), increased incidence of postoperative
ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (9.2% versus 4.0%; p < 0.0005),
and an increased need for placement of a permanent pacemaker (3.7% versus
1.6%; p < 0.0005). These data provide a basis for targeting specific
patient subgroups for prospective, randomized trials of therapeutic
modalities designed to decrease the incidence of postoperative atrial
arrhythmias.
ARTICLES
Hazards of postoperative atrial arrhythmias
Department of Surgery, Barnes Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
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