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Ann Thorac Surg 1993;55:1472-1476
© 1993 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

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Articles

Thoracic versus lumbar epidural fentanyl for postthoracotomy pain

Department of Anesthesia and Surgery, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Accepted for publication September 21, 1992.

^_* Address reprints requests to Dr Unurh, Department of Surgery, The University of Manitoba, Health Sciences Centre, 107-671 William Ave, Winnipeg, Man, Canada R3E 0Z2.

Thirty patients were prospectively randomized to receive either thoracic or lumbar epidural fentanyl infusion for postthoracotomy pain. Epidural catheters were inserted, and placement was confirmed with local anesthetic testing before operation. General anesthesia consisted of nitrous oxide, oxygen, isoflurane, intravenous fentanyl citrate (5 µg/kg), and vecuronium bromide. Pain was measured by a visual analogue scale (0 = no pain to 10 = worst pain ever). Postoperatively, patients received epidural fentanyl in titrated doses every 15 minutes until the visual analogue scale score was less than 4 or until a maximum fentanyl dose of 150 µg by bolus and an infusion rate of 150 µg/h was reached. The visual analogue scale score of patients who received thoracic infusion decreased from 8.8 ± 0.5 to 5.5 ± 0.7 (p 0.05) by 15 minutes and to 3.5 ± 0.4 (p 0.05) by 45 minutes. The corresponding values in the lumbar group were 8.8 ± 0.6 to 7.8 ± 0.7 at 15 minutes and 5.3 ± 0.9 at 45 minutes (p 0.05). The infusion rate needed to maintain a visual analogue scale score of less than 4 was lower in the thoracic group (1.55 ± 0.13 µg · kg^–1 · h^–1) than in the lumbar group (2.06 ± 0.19 µg · kg^–1 · h^–1) during the first 4 hours after operation (p 0.05). The epidural fentanyl infusion rates could be reduced at 4, 24, and 48 hours after operation without compromising pain relief. Four patients in the lumbar group required naloxone hydrochloridc intravenously. Three of these patients had respiratory rates of less than 6/min and were difficult to arouse. The fourth patient was difficult to arouse and had an arterial carbon dioxide tension of 83 mm Hg. We conclude that thoracic epidural fentanyl infusion is better than lumbar infusion for postthoracotomy pain control because of more rapid onset, smaller dose requirements, and less respiratory depression.

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