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Ann Thorac Surg 1993;55:700-705
© 1993 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

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Articles

Effects of pressure and duration of hyperkalemic infusions on endothelial function

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Accepted for publication June 30, 1992.

^_* Address reprint requests to Dr Cartier, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St East, Montreal, Que H1T 1C8, Canada.

Infusions of crystalloid hyperkalemic cardioplegic solutions (CHCSs) are known to impair endotheliumdependent coronary relaxation. This impairment might also be influenced by high perfusion pressure and duration of CHCS infusion. To verify this hypothesis, we designed experiments to study the influence of pressure and duration of CHCS infusion as modulating factors in CHCS-related endothelial impairment. Isolated hearts of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied in a Langendorff apparatus for coronary endothelial function. Hearts (n = 6) were exposed to four different CHCSs containing 12, 24, 40, or 100 mmol/L of potassium chloride (KCl). Endothelial and smooth muscle functions were respectively tested by infusion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (1 x 10^–6 mol/L) and sodium nitroprusside (1 x 10^–5 mol/L) before and after CHCS perfusion. In group I (n = 24), 37 °C CHCSs were perfused at 80 cm H₂O of pressure for 30 minutes. In group II (n = 24), the same CHCSs were perfused at 160 cm H₂O for 30 minutes. In group III (n = 18), CHCSs containing 24, 40, and 100 mmol/L of KCl were infused at 160 cm H₂O for 10 minutes. In all groups, response to sodium nitroprusside was unaltered by CHCS infusion, indicating that smooth muscle function was preserved. However, in group II, 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced vasodilatation was significantly impaired in hearts perfused with CHCS containing 24 mmol/L of KCl or more, suggesting endothelial damage. This study demonstrates that, in addition to KCl concentration, pressure and duration of infusion are two major determinants in CHCS-mediated endothelial damage.

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