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Ann Thorac Surg 1993;55:552-559
© 1993 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England
* Address reprint requests to Dr Butler, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, England.
Cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass cause a systemic inflammatory response, which can lead to organ injury and postoperative morbidity. Causative factors include surgical trauma, contact of blood with the extracorporeal circuit, and lung reperfusion injury on discontinuing bypass. Advances in immunological techniques have allowed measurement of both plasma and intracellular components of this multifaceted perioperative response. This includes activation of the complement, coagulation, fibrinolytic, and kallikrein cascades, activation of neutrophils with degranulation and protease enzyme release, oxygen radical production, and the synthesis of various cytokines from mononuclear cells (including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6). Advances in our understanding of the interactions between these markers of cellular and humoral responses to cardiopulmonary bypass will enable more effective intervention to reduce the deleterious effects and improve the outlook for patients undergoing cardiac operations beyond the 1990s.
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L. Hadjinikolaou, C. Alexiou, A. S. Cohen, R. D. L. Standbridge, A. J. McColl, and W. Richmond Early changes in plasma antioxidant and lipid peroxidation levels following coronary artery bypass surgery: a complex response Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, June 1, 2003; 23(6): 969 - 975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Costello, C. L. Backer, A. de Hoyos, H. J. Binns, and C. Mavroudis Aprotinin reduces operative closure time and blood product use after pediatric bypass Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2003; 75(4): 1261 - 1266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Ninomiya, K. Miyaji, and S. Takamoto Influence of PMEA-coated bypass circuits on perioperative inflammatory response Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2003; 75(3): 913 - 917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. J de Vries, Y J. Gu, W. J Post, P. Vos, I. Stokroos, H. Lip, and W. van Oeveren Leucocyte depletion during cardiac surgery: a comparison of different filtration strategies Perfusion, January 1, 2003; 18(1): 31 - 38. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. Ascione, M. Caputo, and G. D. Angelini Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: not a flash in the pan Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2003; 75(1): 306 - 313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Caputo, M. Yeatman, P. Narayan, G. Marchetto, R. Ascione, B. C. Reeves, and G. D. Angelini Effect of off-pump coronary surgery with right ventricular assist device on organ function and inflammatory response: a randomized controlled trial Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2002; 74(6): 2088 - 2095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Naseri and M. Sevinc Comparison of Off-Pump Versus Conventional Coronary Revascularization Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, December 1, 2002; 10(4): 322 - 325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Fromes, D. Gaillard, O. Ponzio, M. Chauffert, M.-F. Gerhardt, P. Deleuze, and O. M. Bical Reduction of the inflammatory response following coronary bypass grafting with total minimal extracorporeal circulation Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, October 1, 2002; 22(4): 527 - 533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Ascione, B. C. Reeves, K. Rees, and G. D. Angelini Effectiveness of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With or Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Overweight Patients Circulation, October 1, 2002; 106(14): 1764 - 1770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. K. Chanani, D. B. Cowan, K. Takeuchi, D. N. Poutias, L. M. Garcia, P. J. del Nido, and F. X. McGowan Jr Differential Effects of Amrinone and Milrinone Upon Myocardial Inflammatory Signaling Circulation, September 24, 2002; 106(12_suppl_1): I-284 - I-289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Zilberstein, R. Levy, M. Rachinsky, A. Fisher, L. Greemberg, Y. Shapira, A. Appelbaum, and L. Roytblat Ketamine Attenuates Neutrophil Activation After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Anesth. Analg., September 1, 2002; 95(3): 531 - 536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Butler, E. W. Murithi, V. L. Pathi, K. J.D. MacArthur, and G. A. Berg Duroflo II heparin bonding does not attenuate cytokine release or improve pulmonary function Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2002; 74(1): 139 - 142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Ascione, S. Al-Ruzzeh, K. Amer, and G. D Angelini Subsystem organ function during coronary surgery Perfusion, July 1, 2002; 17(4): 295 - 303. [Abstract] [PDF]
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B. Meyns, R. Autschbach, A. Boning, W. Konertz, K. Matschke, F. Schondube, K. Wiebe, and E. Fischer Coronary artery bypass grafting supported with intracardiac microaxial pumps versus normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass: a prospective randomized trial Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, July 1, 2002; 22(1): 112 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. R. El Azab, P. M. J. Rosseel, J. J. de Lange, A. B. J Groeneveld, R. van Strik, E. M. van Wijk, and G. J. Scheffer Dexamethasone decreases the pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratio during cardiac surgery Br. J. Anaesth., April 1, 2002; 88(4): 496 - 501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Asimakopoulos The inflammatory response to CPB: the role of leukocyte filtration Perfusion, March 1, 2002; 17(2_suppl): 7 - 10. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. Chello, P. Mastroroberto, A. Quirino, G. Cuda, F. Perticone, F. Cirillo, and E. Covino Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis after coronary bypass operation with cardiopulmonary bypass Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2002; 73(1): 123 - 129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K McCusker, V Vijay, W DeBois, R Helm, and D Sisto MAST system: a new condensed cardiopulmonary bypass circuit for adult cardiac surgery Perfusion, December 1, 2001; 16(6): 447 - 452. [Abstract] [PDF]
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E. Tayama, N. Hayashida, S. Fukunaga, K. Tayama, T. Takaseya, R. Hiratsuka, and S. Aoyagi High-dose cimetidine reduces proinflammatory reaction after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2001; 72(6): 1945 - 1949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Ascione, G. Nason, S. Al-Ruzzeh, C. Ko, F. Ciulli, and G. D. Angelini Coronary revascularization with or without cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with preoperative nondialysis-dependent renal insufficiency Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2001; 72(6): 2020 - 2025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. D. Chishti, J. H. Dark, P. Kesteven, H. Powell, C. Snowden, B. K. Shenton, J. A. Kirby, and S. V. Baudouin Expression of chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 during cardiopulmonary bypass J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2001; 122(6): 1162 - 1166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. A. Hennein Inflammation After Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Therapy for the Postpump Syndrome Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, September 1, 2001; 5(3): 236 - 255. [Abstract] [PDF]
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E. Appachi and E. B. Mossad Inflammatory Mediators and S-100{beta} Protein Concentrations in Neonates and Infants With Congenital Heart Disease Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, September 1, 2001; 5(3): 256 - 261. [Abstract] [PDF]
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G Matheis, M Scholz, A Simon, O. Dzemali, and A Moritz Leukocyte filtration in cardiac surgery: a review Perfusion, September 1, 2001; 16(5): 361 - 370. [Abstract] [PDF]
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V. Casati, C. Gerli, A. Franco, G. Torri, A. D'Angelo, S. Benussi, and O. Alfieri Tranexamic acid in off-pump coronary surgery: a preliminary, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2001; 72(2): 470 - 475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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