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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol 55, 552-559, Copyright © 1993 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
J Butler, GM Rocker and S Westaby
Cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass cause a systemic
inflammatory response, which can lead to organ injury and postoperative
morbidity. Causative factors include surgical trauma, contact of blood with
the extracorporeal circuit, and lung reperfusion injury on discontinuing
bypass. Advances in immunological techniques have allowed measurement of
both plasma and intracellular components of this multifaceted perioperative
response. This includes activation of the complement, coagulation,
fibrinolytic, and kallikrein cascades, activation of neutrophils with
degranulation and protease enzyme release, oxygen radical production, and
the synthesis of various cytokines from mononuclear cells (including tumor
necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6). Advances in our
understanding of the interactions between these markers of cellular and
humoral responses to cardiopulmonary bypass will enable more effective
intervention to reduce the deleterious effects and improve the outlook for
patients undergoing cardiac operations beyond the 1990s.
ARTICLES
Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, England.
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