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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol 54, 1236-1243, Copyright © 1992 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons


ARTICLES

Release of vasoactive substances during cardiopulmonary bypass

SW Downing and LH Edmunds Jr
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia.

Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with bleeding and thrombotic complications, massive fluid shifts, and cellular and hormonal defense reactions that are collectively termed "the whole body inflammatory response." A host of vasoactive substances are produced, released or altered during cardiopulmonary bypass. These hormones, autacoids, and cytokines react with specific receptor proteins distributed throughout the body, and mediate the vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell contractions that are responsible for much of the morbidity associated with open heart operations. This essay briefly reviews the actions, sources, and perturbations of the approximately 25 vasoactive substances known or believed to be altered by cardiopulmonary bypass, and provides an introductory reference list.


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
I. Mayers, E. Salas, T. Hurst, D. Johnson, and M. W. Radomski
INCREASED NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY AFTER CANINE CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS IS SUPPRESSED BY S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 1999; 117(5): 1009 - 1016.
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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
B. C. Sheridan, T. N. Hodges, M. R. Zamora, D. L. Lynch, J. M. Brown, D. N. Campbell, and F. L. Grover
Acute and chronic effects of bilateral lung transplantation without cardiopulmonary bypass on the first transplanted lung
Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 1998; 66(5): 1755 - 1758.
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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
L. H. Edmunds Jr
Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass
Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 1998; 66(90050): S12 - 16.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
C. Vedrinne, F. Tronc, S. Martinot, J. Robin, C. Garhib, J. Ninet, J. J. Lehot, M. Franck, and G. Champsaur
Effects of various flow types on maternal hemodynamics during fetalbypass: Is there nitric oxide release during pulsatile perfusion?
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 1998; 116(3): 432 - 436.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
J. S. Gammie, J. C. Lee, S. M. Pham, R. J. Keenan, R. J. Weyant, B. G. Hattler, and B. P. Griffith
Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with early allograft dysfunction but not death after double-lung transplantation
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 1998; 115(5): 990 - 994.
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PerfusionHome page
A. Belboul and N. Al-Khaja
Does heparin coating improve biocompatibility? A study on complement, blood cells and postoperative morbidity during cardiac surgery
Perfusion, December 1, 1997; 12(6): 385 - 391.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
V. Chaloupecky, B. Hucin, T. Tlaskal, M. Kostelka, V. Kucera, J. Janousek, J. skovranek, and L. sprongl Ing
NITROGEN BALANCE, 3-METHYLHISTIDINE EXCRETION, AND PLASMA AMINO ACID PROFILE IN INFANTS AFTER CARDIAC OPERATIONS FOR CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS: THE EFFECT OF EARLY NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 1997; 114(6): 1053 - 1060.
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CirculationHome page
P. Bruins, H. t. Velthuis, A. P. Yazdanbakhsh, P. G. M. Jansen, F. W. J. van Hardevelt, E. M. F. H. de Beaumont, C. R. H. Wildevuur, L. Eijsman, A. Trouwborst, and C. E. Hack
Activation of the Complement System During and After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery : Postsurgery Activation Involves C-Reactive Protein and Is Associated With Postoperative Arrhythmia
Circulation, November 18, 1997; 96(10): 3542 - 3548.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
T. Ohata, Y. Sawa, K. Kadoba, T. Masai, H. Ichikawa, and H. Matsuda
Effect of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Under Tepid Temperature on Inflammatory Reactions
Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 1997; 64(1): 124 - 128.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
H. Shennib, A. G. L. Lee, and J. Akin
Safe and Effective Method of Stabilization for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on the Beating Heart
Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1997; 63(4): 988 - 992.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
J. S. Tweddell, S. Berger, P. C. Frommelt, A. N. Pelech, D. A. Lewis, R. T. Fedderly, M. A. Frommelt, T. S. McManus, Ccp, K. A. Mussatto, et al.
Aprotinin Improves Outcome of Single-Ventricle Palliation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 1996; 62(5): 1329 - 1335.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
M.-C. Seghaye, R. G. Grabitz, J. Duchateau, S. Busse, S. Dabritz, D. Koch, G. Alzen, H. Hornchen, B. J. Messmer, and G. von Bernuth
INFLAMMATORY REACTION AND CAPILLARY LEAK SYNDROME RELATED TO CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS IN NEONATES UNDERGOING CARDIAC OPERATIONS
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 1996; 112(3): 687 - 697.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
P.-O. Joachimsson, F. Sjoberg, M. Forsman, M. Johansson, H. C. Ahn, and H. Rutberg
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF HYPEROXEMIA DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 1996; 112(3): 812 - 819.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
D. D. Muehrcke, P. M. McCarthy, K. Kottke-Marchant, H. Harasaki, J. Pierre-Yared, J. A. Borsh, D. A. Ogella, and D. M. Cosgrove
BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF HEPARIN-COATED EXTRACORPOREAL BYPASS CIRCUITS: A RANDOMIZED, MASKED CLINICAL TRIAL
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 1996; 112(2): 472 - 483.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. Stamler, S. Y. Wang, J. Li, R. L. Thurer, F. J. Schoen, and F. W. Sellke
Moderate Hypothermia Reduces Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Induced Impairment of Cerebrovascular Responses to Platelet Products
Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 1996; 62(1): 191 - 198.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
K. E. Wehberg, A. H. Foster, R. M. Wise, J. S. McLaughlin, and M. J. Brunner
NITRIC OXIDE MEDIATES FLUID ACCUMULATION DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 1996; 112(1): 168 - 174.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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PerfusionHome page
J. M Courtney, B. M Matata, H. Q Yin, A. Esposito, A. Mahiout, D. P Taggart, and G. Lowe
The influence of biomaterials on inflammatory responses to cardiopulmonary bypass
Perfusion, May 1, 1996; 11(3): 220 - 228.
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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
R. Gitter, J. M. Anderson Jr, and G. K. Jett
Influence of Milrinone and Norepinephrine on Blood Flow in Canine Internal Mammary Artery Grafts
Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1996; 61(5): 1367 - 1371.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
R. L. Korn, C. A. Fisher, E. R. Livingston, N. Stenach, S. J. Fishman, V. Jeevanandam, and V. P. Addonizio
THE EFFECTS OF CARMEDA BIOACTIVE SURFACE ON HUMAN BLOOD COMPONENTS DURING SIMULATED EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 1996; 111(5): 1073 - 1084.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
D. A. Fullerton, S. D. Jones, J. Jaggers, F. Piedalue, RRT, F. L. Grover, and R. C. McIntyre Jr.
EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE WITH INHALED NITRIC OXIDE AFTER CARDIAC OPERATION
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 1996; 111(4): 753 - 763.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
R. C. Gorman, N. P. Ziats, A. K. Rao, N. Gikakis, L. Sun, M. M. H. Khan, N. Stenach, S. Sapatnekar, V. Chouhan, J. H. Gorman III, et al.
SURFACE-BOUND HEPARIN FAILS TO REDUCE THROMBIN FORMATION DURING CLINICAL CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 1996; 111(1): 1 - 12.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
D. A. Fullerton, M. B. Mitchell, D. N. Jones, A. Maki, and R. C. McIntyre Jr.
PULMONARY VASOMOTOR DYSFUNCTION IS PRODUCED WITH CHRONICALLY HIGH PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 1996; 111(1): 190 - 197.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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CirculationHome page
P. Menasche, J. Peynet, N. Haeffner-Cavaillon, M.-P. Carreno, T. de Chaumaray, V. Dillisse, B. Faris, A. Piwnica, G. Bloch, and A. Tedgui
Influence of Temperature on Neutrophil Trafficking During Clinical Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Circulation, November 1, 1995; 92(9): 334 - 340.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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CirculationHome page
F. Le Deist, P. Menasche, C. Kucharski, A. Bel, A. Piwnica, and G. Bloch
Hypothermia During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Delays but Does Not Prevent Neutrophil– Endothelial Cell Adhesion : A Clinical Study
Circulation, November 1, 1995; 92(9): 354 - 358.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
P. A. Spence, W. D. Montgomery, and W. P. Santamore
HIGH FLOW DEMAND ON SMALL ARTERIAL CORONARY BYPASS CONDUITS PROMOTES GRAFT SPASM
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 1995; 110(4): 952 - 962.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
N. J. Rusch, T. A. Wooldridge, C. C. Kulig, G. H. Almassi, A. C. Nicolosi, G. N. Olinger, and L. E. Boerboom
REACTIVITY OF HUMAN SAPHENOUS VEINS AT ARTERIAL PERFUSION PRESSURES
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 1995; 110(4): 1005 - 1012.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
B. M. Steinberg, E. A. Grossi, D. S. Schwartz, D. E. McLoughlin, M. Aguinaga, C. Bizekis, J. Greenwald, A. Flisser, F. C. Spencer, A. C. Galloway, et al.
Heparin Bonding of Bypass Circuits Reduces Cytokine Release During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1995; 60(3): 525 - 529.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
W. Tao, J. B. Zwischenberger, T. T. Nguyen, R. A. Vertrees, L. B. McDaniel, L. K. Nutt, D. N. Herndon, and G. C. Kramer
Gut mucosal ischemia during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass results from blood flow redistribution and increased oxygen demand
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 1995; 110(3): 819 - 828.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
J. Gonzalez, T. Morrissey, T. Byrne, R. Rizzo, and D. Wilmore
Bioelectric impedance detects fluid retention in patients undergoing cardipulmonary bypass
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 1995; 110(1): 111 - 118.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
H. P. Singh, E. T. Coleman, M. Hargrove, S. E. Barrow, M. B. Murphy, and T. Aherne
Prostacyclin and Thromboxane Levels in Pleural Space Fluid During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1995; 59(3): 647 - 650.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
D. A. Fullerton, R. C. McIntyre Jr., M. B. Mitchell, D. N. Campell, and F. L. Grover
Lung transplantation with cardiopulmonary bypass exaggerates pulmonary vasomotor dysfunction in the transplanted lung
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 1995; 109(2): 212 - 217.
[Abstract] [Full Text]




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