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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol 51, 245-247, Copyright © 1991 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
TA Salerno, JP Houck, CA Barrozo, A Panos, GT Christakis, JG Abel and SV Lichtenstein
This report presents the results in our first clinical series of patients
receiving continuous warm blood cardioplegia through the coronary sinus.
Warm oxygenated blood cardioplegia has certain theoretical advantages, such
as continuously supplying oxygen and substrates to the arrested heart while
avoiding the side effects of hypothermia. Retrograde infusion of
cardioplegia also offers certain advantages (eg, in valve operations and in
patients with severe coronary artery disease) that are complementary to
warm blood cardioplegia. Retrograde warm blood cardioplegia was used in 113
consecutive patients (85 men and 28 women with a mean age of 61 years)
undergoing various procedures. Three percent of the patients died, 7%
needed transient intraaortic balloon pump support, 6% had evidence of
perioperative myocardial infarction, and 96% had spontaneous return of
rhythm. There were no coronary sinus injuries. This new technique of
retrograde continuous warm blood cardioplegia is a simple, safe, and
reliable method of myocardial protection that may change the way we
currently protect the heart intraoperatively.
ARTICLES
Retrograde continuous warm blood cardioplegia: a new concept in myocardial protection
Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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C. O. Murphy, Pan-Chih, J. P. Gott, and R. A. Guyton Microvascular Reactivity After Crystalloid, Cold Blood, and Warm Blood Cardioplegic Arrest Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 1995; 60(4): 1021 - 1027. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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U. Sprengel, B. Munkel, F. Robicsek, T. N. Masters, and J. Schaper Ischemia Affects Cardiac Proteins in Healthy Animals Less Severely Than in Human Patients Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1995; 60(3): 767 - 772. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. D. Buckberg Update on Current Techniques of Myocardial Protection Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1995; 60(3): 805 - 814. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. C. Mauney and I. L. Kron The Physiologic Basis of Warm Cardioplegia Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1995; 60(3): 819 - 823. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. S. Ikonomidis, V. Rao, R. D. Weisel, N. Hayashida, and T. Shirai Myocardial Protection for Coronary Bypass Grafting: The Toronto Hospital Perspective Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1995; 60(3): 824 - 832. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. M Innet, J. Lancelot Lester, and N. Tait Cold agglutinins : preoperative diagnosis leads to an uneventful perfusion Perfusion, September 1, 1995; 10(5): 343 - 345. [Abstract] [PDF]
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B. S. Allen, J. W. Winkelmann, H. Hanafy, R. S. Hartz, K. S. Bolling, J. Ham, and S. Feinstein Retrograde cardioplegia does not adequately perfuse the right ventricle J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 1995; 109(6): 1116 - 1126. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Mezzetti, A. M. Calafiore, D. Lapenna, R. Deslauriers, G. Tian, T. A. Salerno, A. M. Verna, G. Bosco, S. D. Pierdomenico, and F. Caccurullo Intermittent antegrade warm cardioplegia reduces oxidative stress and improves metabolism of the ischemic-reperfused human myocardium J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 1995; 109(4): 787 - 795. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. A. Robinson, G. D. Schwarz, D. B. Goddard, W. H. Fleming, and T. A. Galbraith Myocardial Protection for Acquired Heart Disease Surgery: Results of a National Survey Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1995; 59(2): 361 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. M. Calafiore, G. Teodori, A. Mezzetti, G. Bosco, A. M. Verna, G. Di Giammarco, and D. Lapenna Intermittent Antegrade Warm Blood Cardioplegia Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1995; 59(2): 398 - 402. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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O. Jegaden, A. Eker, P. Montagna, J. Ossette, C. Vial, J. Guidollet, and P. H. Mikaeloff Antegrade/Retrograde Cardioplegia in Arterial Bypass Grafting: Metabolic Randomized Clinical Trial Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1995; 59(2): 456 - 461. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. Asai, E. A. Grossi, M. LeBoutillier III, M. A. Parish, F. G. Baumann, F. C. Spencer, S. B. Colvin, and A. C. Galloway Resuscitative retrograde blood cardioplegiaAre amino acids or continuous warm techniques necessary? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 1995; 109(2): 242 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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U. Hvass and J.-P. Depoix Clinical Study of Normothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass in 100 Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1995; 59(1): 46 - 51. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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W. R. Chitwood Jr and C. L. Wixon Update in Myocardial Protection Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1995; 59(1): 253 - 254. [Full Text]
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M. Carrier, J. Gregoire, A. Khalil, P. Thai, J.-G. Latour, and L. C. Pelletier Myocardial distribution of retrograde cardioplegic solution assessed by myocardial thallium 201 uptake J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 1994; 108(6): 1115 - 1118. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. Tashiro and K. Todo Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 1994; 108(6): 1147 - 1148. [Full Text]
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J. R. Handy, F. G. Spinale, R. Mukherjee, and F. A. Crawford Hypothermic potassium cardioplegia impairs myocyte recovery of contractility and inotropy J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 1994; 107(4): 1050 - 1058. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. D. Buckberg Normothermic blood cardioplegiaAlternative or adjunct? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., March 1, 1994; 107(3): 860 - 867. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Menasche, S. Haydar, J. Peynet, C. D. Buit, R. Merval, G. Bloch, A. Piwnica, and A. Tedgui A potential mechanism of vasodilation after warm heart surgery: The temperature-dependent release of cytokines J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 1994; 107(1): 293 - 299. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Munsch Review article : Blood cardioplegia Perfusion, October 1, 1991; 6(4): 245 - 252. [PDF]
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