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Tomas A. Salerno
James P. Houck
Carlos A.M. Barrozo
Anthony Panos
George T. Christakis
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Samuel V. Lichtenstein
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Ann Thorac Surg 1991;51:245-247
© 1991 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Articles

Retrograde continuous warm blood cardioplegia: A new concept in myocardial protection

Tomas A. Salerno, MD*, James P. Houck, MD, Carlos A.M. Barrozo, MD, Anthony Panos, MD1, George T. Christakis, MD, James G. Abel, MD, Samuel V. Lichtenstein, MD

Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Accepted for publication October 16, 1990.

* Address reprint requests to Dr Salerno, St. Michael's Hospital, Rm 305B, 30 Bond St, Toronto, Ont, Canada M5B 1W8.

This report presents the results in our first clinical series of patients receiving continuous warm blood cardioplegia through the coronary sinus. Warm oxygenated blood cardioplegia has certain theoretical advantages, such as continuously supplying oxygen and substrates to the arrested heart while avoiding the side effects of hypothermia. Retrograde infusion of cardioplegia also offers certain advantages (eg, in valve operations and in patients with severe coronary artery disease) that are complementary to warm blood cardioplegia. Retrograde warm blood cardioplegia was used in 113 consecutive patients (85 men and 28 women with a mean age of 61 years) undergoing various procedures. Three percent of the patients died, 7% needed transient intraaortic balloon pump support, 6% had evidence of perioperative myocardial infarction, and 96% had spontaneous return of rhythm. There were no coronary sinus injuries. This new technique of retrograde continuous warm blood cardioplegia is a simple, safe, and reliable method of myocardial protection that may change the way we currently protect the heart intraoperatively.




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Warm blood cardioplegia: Benefits and risks
Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1993; 55(5): 1071 - 1072.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
M. Chandra, H. Schwalb, E. Yaroslavsky-Houminer, Y. Appelbaum, G. Uretzky, and J. B. Borman
New experimental technique to study blood cardioplegia in the isolated, perfused rat heart
Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1993; 55(4): 946 - 949.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
S. R. Gundry, N. Wang, D. Bannon, R. E. Vigesaa, C. Eke, S. Pain, and L. L. Bailey
Retrograde continuous warm blood cardioplegia: Maintenance of myocardial homeostasis in humans
Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1993; 55(2): 358 - 363.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
W. M. Brown III, J. L. Jay, J. P. Gott, A. H. Huang, Pan-Chih, W. S. Horsley, L. M. A. Dorsey, S. Katzmark, R. J. Siegel, and R. A. Guyton
Warm blood cardioplegia: Superior protection after acute myocardial ischemia
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1993; 55(1): 32 - 42.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
P. Menasche, B. Touchot, F. Pradier, G. Bloch, and A. Piwnica
Simplified method for delivering normothermic blood cardioplegia
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1993; 55(1): 177 - 178.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
T. A. Salerno
Retrograde warm blood cardioplegia
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1993; 55(1): 196 - 196.
[PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. L. Panos, I. S. Ali, P. L. Birnbaum, C. A. M. Barrozo, O. Al-Nowaiser, and T. A. Salerno
Coronary sinus injuries during retrograde continuous normothermic blood cardioplegia
Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1992; 54(6): 1137 - 1138.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
G. S. Aldea, G. Connelly, J. D. Fonger, D. Dobnick, and R. J. Shemin
Directed atraumatic coronary sinus cannulation for retrograde cardioplegia administration
Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 1992; 54(4): 789 - 790.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
G. T. Christakis, J. P. Koch, K. A. Deemar, S. E. Fremes, L. Sinclair, E. Chen, T. A. Salerno, B. S. Goldman, and S. V. Lichtenstein
A randomized study of the systemic effects of warm heart surgery
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1992; 54(3): 449 - 459.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
P. Menasche, J. Peynet, B. Touchot, M. Aziz, S. Haydar, G. Perez, L. Veyssie, J. Montenegro, G. Bloch, and A. Piwnica
Normothermic cardioplegia: Is aortic cross-clamping still synonymous with myocardial ischemia?
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1992; 54(3): 472 - 478.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. L. Panos, K. T. Teoh, J. K. Wilson, and T. A. Salerno
Replacement of the valvular prosthesis in a patient with a bentall procedure
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1992; 54(3): 555 - 556.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. Lessana, M. Romano, A. I. Singh, D. L. Houerou, V. Martin, B. Jegier, E. Palsky, H. Q. Yu, E. Belli, C. Carbone, et al.
Beyond cold cardioplegia
Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1992; 53(4): 666 - 669.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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C. Munsch
Review article : Blood cardioplegia
Perfusion, October 1, 1991; 6(4): 245 - 252.
[PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
K. H. T. Teoh, A. L. Panos, A. A. Harmantas, S. V. Lichtenstein, and T. A. Salerno
Optimal visualization of coronary artery anastomoses by gas jet
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1991; 52(3): 564 - 564.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
T. A. Salerno, G. T. Christakis, J. Abel, J. Houck, C. A. M. Barrozo, S. E. Fremes, R. J. Cusimano, and S. V. Lichtenstein
Technique and pitfalls of retrograde continuous warm blood cardioplegia
Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1991; 51(6): 1023 - 1025.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
R. M. Engelman
Retrograde continuous warm blood cardioplegia
Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1991; 51(2): 180 - 181.
[PDF]


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