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Ann Thorac Surg 1990;49:780-784
© 1990 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical Center, and St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Accepted for publication December 30, 1989.
* Address reprint requests to Dr Stirling, Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical Center, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
One of the most lethal forms of mediastinitis is descending necrotizing mediastinitis, in which infection arising from the oropharynx spreads to the mediastinum. Two recently treated patients are reported, and the English-language literature on this disease is reviewed from 1960 to the present. Despite the development of computed tomographic scanning to aid in the early diagnosis of mediastinitis, the mortality for descending necrotizing mediastinitis has not changed over the past 30 years, in large part because of continued dependence on transcervical mediastinal drainage. Although transcervical drainage is usually effective in the treatment of acute mediastinitis due to a cervical esophageal perforation, this approach in the patient with defending necrotizing mediastinitis fails to provide adequate drainage and predisposes to sepsis and a poor outcome. In addition to cervical drainage, aggressive, early mediastinal exploration—debridement and drainage through a subxiphoid incision or thoracotomy—is advocated to salvage the patient with descending necrotizing mediastinitis.
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