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Ann Thorac Surg 1990;49:202-209
© 1990 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Mary's Health Center and St. Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri USA
* Address reprint requests to Dr Fiore, St. Mary's Health Center, 6420 Clayton Rd, St. Louis, MO 63117.
One hundred consecutive patients who had coronary artery bypass grafting using both internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) and saphenous veins, operated on during a 3-year period between 1972 and 1975, have been compared retrospectively with a series of 100 patients operated on during the same period who had one ITA graft along with saphenous vein grafts. The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, risk factors for coronary artery disease, angina class, extent of coronary artery disease, left ventricular function, number of coronary bypass grafts performed, and completeness of revascularization. Single ITA operative mortality was 2% and double ITA, 9% (p = NS). The mean follow-up of hospital survivors was 14.4 ± 2.7 years; all but 7 patients had follow-up for at least 10 years. At 13 years, the actuarial patency of the right ITA was 85% and the left ITA, 82%. These data strongly suggest a survival benefit for patients with double ITA grafts among hospital survivors (74% versus 59%; p = 0.05). Patients receiving two ITA grafts had a significant freedom from subsequent myocardial infarction (75% versus 59%, p < 0.025), recurrent angina pectoris (36% versus 27%, p < 0.025), and subsequent total ischemic events (32% versus 18%, p < 0.01). These data also suggest improved freedom from coronary artery interventional therapy (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and reoperation) when two ITA grafts were used. These results support the use of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting in selected patients.
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E. Petrossian, M. A. Menegus, H. J. Issenberg, A. Jones, R. Frame, and R. F. Brodman Ultrasound evaluation of the inferior epigastric artery Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1994; 57(4): 895 - 898. [Abstract] [PDF]
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F. L. Grover, R. R. Johnson, G. Marshall, K. E. Hammermeister, and Department of Veterans Affairs Cardiac Surgeons Impact of mammary grafts on coronary bypass operative mortality and morbidity Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1994; 57(3): 559 - 569. [Abstract] [PDF]
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F. H. Edwards, R. E. Clark, and M. Schwartz Impact of internal mammary artery conduits on operative mortality in coronary revascularization Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1994; 57(1): 27 - 32. [Abstract] [PDF]
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G.-W. He, W. H. Ryan, T. E. Acuff, R. T. Bowman, M. B. Douthit, C.-Q. Yang, and M. J. Mack Risk factors for operative mortality and sternal wound infection in bilateral internal mammary artery grafting J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 1994; 107(1): 196 - 202. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. P. Perrault, M. Carrier, Y. Hebert, G. Hudon, R. Cartier, Y. Leclerc, and L. C. Pelletier Clinical experience with the right gastroepiploic artery in coronary artery bypass grafting Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 1993; 56(5): 1082 - 1084. [Abstract] [PDF]
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G. M. Palatianos, H. Bolooki, M. D. Horowitz, M. H. Lowery, S. P. Rosenthal, S. K. C. Chandarlapaty, G. N. Sfakianakis, and G. A. Kaiser Sequential internal mammary artery grafts for coronary artery bypass Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 1993; 56(5): 1136 - 1140. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. D. Accola, E. L. Jones, J. M. Craver, W. S. Weintraub, and R. A. Guyton Bilateral mammary artery grafting: Avoidance of complications with extended use Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 1993; 56(4): 872 - 879. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. Ramstrom, O. Lund, E. Cadavid, S. Oxelbark, J. B. Thuren, and A. C. Henze Right internal mammary artery for myocardial revascularization: Early results and indications Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1993; 55(6): 1485 - 1491. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. A. M. van Son, F. Smedts, P. C. M. de Wilde, N. H. J. Pijls, L. Wong-Alcala, K. Kubat, G. Tavilla, and L. K. Lacquet Histological study of the internal mammary artery with emphasis on its suitability as a coronary artery bypass graft Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1993; 55(1): 106 - 113. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. M. Cunningham, M. A. Gharavi, R. Fardin, and R. A. Meek Considerations in the skeletonization technique of internal thoracic artery dissection Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 1992; 54(5): 947 - 950. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. S. Naunheim, H. B. Barner, and A. C. Fiore Results of internal thoracic artery grafting over 15 years: single versus double grafts Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1992; 53(4): 716 - 718. [PDF]
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M. Carrier, J. Gregoire, F. Tronc, R. Cartier, Y. Leclerc, and L.-C. Pelletier Effect of internal mammary artery dissection on sternal vascularization Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1992; 53(1): 115 - 119. [Abstract] [PDF]
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G. K. Sethi, J. G. Copeland, T. Moritz, W. Henderson, K. Zadina, and S. Goldman Comparison of postoperative comlications between saphenous vein and IMA grafts to left anterior descending coronary artery Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1991; 51(5): 733 - 738. [Abstract] [PDF]
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I. F. Galvin Mammary artery grafts: A new no-touch technique for anastomosis Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1991; 51(3): 500 - 503. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 F. M. Lupinetti and D. M. Behrendt Cardiothoracic Surgery JAMA, May 16, 1990; 263(19): 2627 - 2629. [Abstract] [PDF]
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N. T. Kouchoukos, T. H. Wareing, S. F. Murphy, C. Pelate, and W. G. Marshall Jr Risks of bilateral internal mammary artery bypass grafting Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1990; 49(2): 210 - 219. [Abstract] [PDF]
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