|
|
||||||||
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol 49, 195-201, Copyright © 1990 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
DL Galbut, EA Traad, MJ Dorman, PL DeWitt, PB Larsen, PA Kurlansky, JH Button, JM Ally and TO Gentsch
The internal mammary artery (IMA) is being recognized as the conduit of
choice for myocardial revascularization. From January 1972 through June
1988, 1,087 patients received bilateral IMA and supplemental vein grafts.
There were 917 men (84.4%) and 170 women (15.6%) with a mean age of 62.4
years (range, 29 to 84 years). Three hundred ninety-four patients (36.2%)
had unstable angina, and 194 (17.8%) had left main coronary artery stenosis
greater than 50%. In all, 3,741 coronary grafts were performed, with a mean
of 3.4 per patient. Hospital mortality was 2.7% (29 patients). Hospital
complications included reoperation for bleeding, 19 patients (1.7%);
sternal infection, 16 patients (1.5%); respiratory failure, 35 patients
(3.2%); perioperative myocardial infarction, 22 patients (2.0%); and
stroke, 20 patients (1.8%). Post-operative arteriography in 53 patients
(mean postoperative time, 53.0 months) showed that 92.1% (58/63) of the
left IMA and 84.9% (45/53) of the right IMA grafts were patent. Follow-up
was completed on 1,058 hospital survivors. There were 82 late deaths
(7.8%). The actuarial survival for patients discharged from the hospital
was 80.0 +/- 3.2% (plus or minus standard error of the mean) at 10 years
and 60.0% +/- 5.0% at 15 years. At follow-up, 866 patients (90.3%) were
asymptomatic and in New York Heart Association class I and 68 (7.1%) were
in class II. This longitudinal analysis demonstrates that bilateral IMA
grafting has a low operative risk and provides excellent long-term
functional improvement and survival.
ARTICLES
Seventeen-year experience with bilateral internal mammary artery grafts
Miami Heart Institute, Florida.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
D. Berdajs, G. Zund, M. I. Turina, and M. Genoni Blood Supply of the Sternum and Its Importance in Internal Thoracic Artery Harvesting Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2006; 81(6): 2155 - 2159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Cunningham Skeletonization of the Internal Thoracic Artery: Pros and Cons Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2006; 81(1): 405 - 406. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. M. Calafiore, L. Weltert, M. D. Mauro, G. Actis-Dato, A. L. Iaco, P. Centofanti, M. L. Torre, and F. Patane Internal mammary artery MMCTS, November 29, 2005; 2005(1129): 1008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. De Paulis, S. de Notaris, R. Scaffa, S. Nardella, J. Zeitani, C. Del Giudice, A. Penta De Peppo, F. Tomai, and L. Chiariello The effect of bilateral internal thoracic artery harvesting on superficial and deep sternal infection: The role of skeletonization J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., March 1, 2005; 129(3): 536 - 543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Takeuchi, S. Sakamoto, Y. Nagayoshi, H. Nishizawa, and J. Matsubara Reactivity of the human internal thoracic artery to vasodilators in coronary artery bypass grafting Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., November 1, 2004; 26(5): 956 - 959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. M. Calafiore, G. Di Giammarco, G. Teodori, M. Di Mauro, A. L. Iaco, A. Bivona, M. Contini, and G. Vitolla Late results of first myocardial revascularization in multiple vessel disease: single versus bilateral internal mammary artery with or without saphenous vein grafts Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., September 1, 2004; 26(3): 542 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Deng, K. Byth, and H. S Paterson Semi-skeletonized Internal Mammary Artery Grafts and Sternal Wound Complications Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, September 1, 2004; 12(3): 227 - 232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Hirose, A. Amano, S. Takanashi, and A. Takahashi Skeletonized bilateral internal mammary artery graftingfor patients with diabetes Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, September 1, 2003; 2(3): 287 - 292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Bezon, J. N. Choplain, Y. A. Maguid, A. A. Aziz, and J. A. Barra Failure of internal thoracic artery grafts: conclusions from coronary angiography mid-term follow-up Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2003; 76(3): 754 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Muneretto, G. Bisleri, A. Negri, J. Manfredi, M. Metra, S. Nodari, and L. Dei Cas Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery technique for total arterial myocardial revascularization: a prospective randomized study Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2003; 76(3): 778 - 783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. A. Kurlansky, D. B. Williams, E. A. Traad, R. G. Carrillo, J. S. Schor, M. Zucker, S. Singer, and G. Ebra Arterial grafting results in reduced operative mortality and enhanced long-term quality of life in octogenarians Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2003; 76(2): 418 - 427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Muneretto, A. Negri, J. Manfredi, A. Terrini, G. Rodella, S. ElQarra, and G. Bisleri Safety and usefulness of composite grafts for total arterial myocardial revascularization: A prospective randomized evaluation J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 2003; 125(4): 826 - 835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. W. Lytle Skeletonized internal thoracic artery grafts and wound complications J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., March 1, 2003; 125(90030): S71 - 73. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. J. Woo and T. J. Gardner Myocardial Revascularization with Cardiopulmonary Bypass Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2003; 2(2003): 581 - 607. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
P. A. Kurlansky, E. A. Traad, D. L. Galbut, S. Singer, M. Zucker, and G. Ebra Coronary bypass surgery in women: a long-term comparative study of quality of life after bilateral internal mammary artery grafting in men and women Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2002; 74(5): 1517 - 1525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Cartier, M. Leacche, and P. Couture Changing pattern in beating heart operations: use of skeletonized internal thoracic artery Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2002; 74(5): 1548 - 1552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Endo, H. Nishida, Y. Tomizawa, and H. Kasanuki Benefit of Bilateral Over Single Internal Mammary Artery Grafts for Multiple Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Circulation, October 30, 2001; 104(18): 2164 - 2170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Prifti, M. Bonacchi, G. Frati, P. Proietti, G. Giunti, and M. Leacche {lambda}graft with the radial artery or free left internal mammary artery anastomosed to the right internal mammary artery: flow dynamics Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2001; 72(4): 1275 - 1281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Ascione, M. J. Underwood, C. T. Lloyd, J. Y. Jeremy, A. J. Bryan, and G. D. Angelini Clinical and angiographic outcome of different surgical strategies of bilateral internal mammary artery grafting Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2001; 72(3): 959 - 965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Bonacchi, E. Prifti, G. Giunti, A. Salica, G. Frati, and G. Sani Respiratory dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting employing bilateral internal mammary arteries: the influence of intact pleura Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., June 1, 2001; 19(6): 827 - 833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. A. Kurlansky, E. A. Traad, D. L. Galbut, M. Zucker, and G. Ebra Efficacy of single versus bilateral internal mammary artery grafting in women: a long-term study Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2001; 71(6): 1949 - 1958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. W. Lytle Skeletonized internal thoracic artery grafts and wound complications J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 2001; 121(4): 625 - 627. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Ura, R. Sakata, Y. Nakayama, Y. Arai, and T. Saito Long-term results of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2000; 70(6): 1991 - 1996. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. M. Calafiore, M. Contini, G. Vitolla, M. Di Mauro, V. Mazzei, G. Teodori, and G. Di Giammarco Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting: Long-term clinical and angiographic results of in situ versus Y grafts J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., November 1, 2000; 120(5): 990 - 998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J.-A. Barra, E. Bezon, P. Mondine, A. Resk, M. Gilard, and J. Boshat Coronary artery reconstruction for extensive coronary disease: 108 patients and two year follow-up Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2000; 70(5): 1541 - 1545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Kawasuji, N. Sakakibara, S. Fujii, T. Yasuda, and Y. Watanabe Coronary artery bypass surgery with arterial grafts in familial hypercholesterolemia J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 2000; 119(5): 1008 - 1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Bhan, S. K. Choudhary, A. Mathur, R. Sharma, M. Sahoo, R. Agrawal, and P. Venugopal Surgical myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2000; 69(4): 1216 - 1221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. El Nakadi, C. Choghari, and M. Joris Complete myocardial revascularization with bilateral internal thoracic artery T graft Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2000; 69(2): 498 - 500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Korbmacher, H.H. Schmitt, G. Bauer, M. Hoffmann, H. Vosberg, O. Simic, and E. Gams Change of sternal perfusion following preparation of the internal thoracic artery - a scintigraphical study Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., January 1, 2000; 17(1): 58 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. A. Eagle, R. A. Guyton, R. Davidoff, G. A. Ewy, J. Fonger, T. J. Gardner, J. P. Gott, H. C. Herrmann, R. A. Marlow, W. C. Nugent, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association task force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to revise the 1991 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 1999; 34(4): 1262 - 1347. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. J. Cohen, J. Lockman, M. Lorberboym, O. Bder, N. Cohen, B. Medalion, and A. Schachner ASSESSMENT OF STERNAL VASCULARITY WITH SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AFTER HARVESTING OF THE INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERY J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 1999; 118(3): 496 - 502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. M. Calafiore, G. Vitolla, A. L. Iaco, C. Fino, G. Di Giammarco, F. Marchesani, G. Teodori, G. D'Addario, and V. Mazzei Bilateral internal mammary artery grafting: midterm results of pedicled versus skeletonized conduits Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1999; 67(6): 1637 - 1642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. M. Brown An unexpected benefit of the radial artery Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1999; 67(6): 1827 - 1828. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. R. Doty, J. D. Fonger, J. D. Salazar, P. L. Walinsky, and N. W. Salomon EARLY EXPERIENCE WITH MINIMALLY INVASIVE DIRECT CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING WITH THE INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERY J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 1999; 117(5): 873 - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. K. Kapadia, S. Kapadia, and A. Khayat Left main coronary artery patch angioplasty: follow-up with spiral computed tomography Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1999; 67(4): 1211 - 1212. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Tavilla, N. H.J. Pijls, E. Berreklouw, and K. H. Peels Noninvasive assessment of right gastroepiploic artery graft patency using transcutaneous color Doppler echocardiography Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1999; 67(3): 624 - 628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Tashiro, K. Nakamura, A. Iwakuma, R. Zaitu, H. Iwahashi, A. Murai, and M. Kimura Inverted T graft: novel technique using composite radial and internal thoracic arteries Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1999; 67(3): 629 - 631. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O. Wendler, D. Tscholl, Q. Huang, and H.-J. Schafers Free flow capacity of skeletonized versus pedicled internal thoracic artery grafts in coronary artery bypass grafts Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., March 1, 1999; 15(3): 247 - 250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J.-M. Farinas, M. Carrier, Y. Hebert, R. Cartier, M. Pellerin, L. P. Perrault, and L. C. Pelletier Comparison of long-term clinical results of double versus single internal mammary artery bypass grafting Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1999; 67(2): 466 - 470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Noda and H. B. Barner Arterial conduits Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1999; 67(1): 285 - 286. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Ura, R. Sakata, Y. Nakayama, Y. Arai, and T. Saito Long-Term Patency Rate of Right Internal Thoracic Artery Bypass Via the Transverse Sinus Circulation, November 10, 1998; 98(19): 2043 - 2048. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. J. Mack, J. A. Osborne, and H. Shennib Arterial graft patency in coronary artery bypass grafting: what do we really know? Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1998; 66(3): 1055 - 1059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Voutilainen, K. Verkkala, A. Jarvinen, M. Kaarne, P. Keto, P. Voutilainen, and S. Mattila Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Using the Right Gastroepiploic Artery Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1998; 65(2): 444 - 448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. E. Weinschelbaum, E. D. Gabe, A. Macchia, R. Smimmo, and L. D. Suarez TOTAL MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION WITH ARTERIAL CONDUITS: RADIAL ARTERY COMBINED WITH INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERIES J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 1997; 114(6): 911 - 916. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
A. W. Pick, T. A. Orszulak, B. J. Anderson, and H. V. Schaff Single Versus Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Grafts: 10-Year Outcome Analysis Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1997; 64(3): 599 - 605. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
I. A. Nicholson and H. S. Paterson Modified T Graft for Triple-Vessel Disease Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1997; 64(2): 451 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. E. Schmidt, J. W. Jones, J. I. Thornby, C. C. Miller III, and A. C. Beall Jr Improved Survival With Multiple Left-Sided Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Grafts Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 1997; 64(1): 9 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
J.-C. Lucet Deep sternal wound infection after sternotomy J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 1997; 113(4): 809 - 810. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
T. Carrel, P. Horber, and M. I. Turina Operation for Two-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: Midterm Results of Bilateral ITA Grafting Versus Unilateral ITA and Saphenous Vein Grafting Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 1996; 62(5): 1289 - 1294. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
F. D. A. d. Costa, I. A. d. Costa, R. Poffo, D. Abuchaim, R. Gaspar, L. Garcia, and D. L. Faraco Myocardial Revascularization With the Radial Artery: A Clinical and Angiographic Study Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1996; 62(2): 475 - 479. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. Voutilainen, K. Verkkala, A. Jarvinen, and P. Keto Angiographic 5-Year Follow-up Study of Right Gastroepiploic Artery Grafts Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1996; 62(2): 501 - 505. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
P. A. Kurlansky, M. J. Dorman, D. L. Galbut, N. L. Moreno, E. A. Traad, R. G. Carrillo, M. Zucker, L. Sanchez, and G. Ebra Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Grafting in Women: A 21-Year Experience Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 1996; 62(1): 63 - 69. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
L. R. Gerola, L. B. Puig, L. F. P. Moreira, G. V. Cividanes, G. P. Gemha, R. C. M. Souto, E. C. Oppi, and A. H. S. Souza Right Internal Thoracic Artery Through the Transverse Sinus in Myocardial Revascularization Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1996; 61(6): 1708 - 1712. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
T. P. M. Study Group RISK FACTORS FOR DEEP STERNAL WOUND INFECTION AFTER STERNOTOMY: A PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER STUDY J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 1996; 111(6): 1200 - 1207. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
A. H. Chen, T. Nakao, R. F. Brodman, M. Greenberg, R. Charney, M. Menegus, M. Johnson, R. Grose, R. Frame, E. C. Hu, et al. EARLY POSTOPERATIVE ANGIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF RADIAL ARTERY GRAFTS USED FOR CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 1996; 111(6): 1208 - 1212. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
J. B. Choi and S. Y. Lee Skeletonized and Pedicled Internal Thoracic Artery Grafts: Effect on Free Flow During Bypass Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1996; 61(3): 909 - 913. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
A. Cameron, K. B. Davis, G. Green, and H. V. Schaff Coronary Bypass Surgery with Internal-Thoracic-Artery Grafts -- Effects on Survival over a 15-Year Period N. Engl. J. Med., January 25, 1996; 334(4): 216 - 220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. R.S. Dewar, W.R. E. Jamieson, M. T. Janusz, M. Adeli-Sardo, E. Germann, J. S. MacNab, and G. F. O. Tyers Unilateral Versus Bilateral Internal Mammary Revascularization : Survival and Event-Free Performance Circulation, November 1, 1995; 92(9): 8 - 13. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
J. Pym, P. Brown, M. Pearson, and J. Parker Right Gastroepiploic-to-Coronary Artery Bypass : The First Decade of Use Circulation, November 1, 1995; 92(9): 45 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
A. M. Calafiore, G. Di Giammarco, G. Teodori, E. D'Annunzio, G. Vitolla, C. Fino, and N. Maddestra Radial Artery and Inferior Epigastric Artery in Composite Grafts: Improved Midterm Angiographic Results Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1995; 60(3): 517 - 523. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
E. Dregelid, K. Heldal, F. Resch, L. Stange |