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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol 22, 166-170, Copyright © 1976 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
WS Stoney, RB Addlestone, WC Alford Jr, GR Burrus, RA Frist and CS Thomas Jr
Long-term cardiac pacing with permanent transvenous electrodes has achieved
wide acceptance with only occasional reports of venous obstruction and
edema. To determine the incidence of venous abnormalities associated with
transvenous electrodes, 34 venograms were obtained in 32 patients paced 18
months or longer. Eleven venograms demonstrated severe obstruction with
collateral circulation communicating with the opposite cervical and
innominate venous channels; 7 of these showed total occlusion. Seven
venograms revealed no obstruction. The remaining 16 venograms showed venous
stenosis without collaterals. It is concluded that venous abnormalities
associated with permanent transvenous pacing occur commonly but are not
usually associated with arm or facial edema.
ARTICLES
The incidence of venous thrombosis following long-term transvenous pacing
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