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Ann Thorac Surg 1976;22:112-119
© 1976 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
From the General Thoracic Surgical Unit and the General Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
* Address reprint requests to Dr. Grillo, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.
Benign acquired tracheoesophageal fistula is uncommon. Erosion of the membranous wall of the trachea and the anterior esophageal wall by the high-pressure cuff on a tracheostomy tube, often against the anvil of a nasogastric tube, may produce such fistulas. Techniques for closure have included patching the tracheal defect with muscle and, often, multiple staged procedures, planned or unplanned.
Since any cuff lesion severe enough to cause a fistula necessarily damages the trachea circumferentially at the same level, definitive correction must include circumferential tracheal resection as well as closure of the fistula. Five patients with tracheoesophageal fistula due to cuff perforation had repair by such a single-stage procedure. Through an anterior approach the involved trachea was resected, primary anastomosis was done, and the esophagus was closed in layers. In 3 of these 5 patients muscle was interposed for added security. One patient had undergone a prior attempt at repair elsewhere. One required a second resection of trachea for subsequent stomal stenosis. Repair in 2 additional patients with fistulas of complex origin related to direct trauma, sepsis, and foreign body involved adaptation of the basic technique to the special problem; 1 of these procedures was necessarily staged. Results in all 7 patients have been good.
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